Week 2 Lab

Introductory Networking

Task 1:

No Answer Needed

Task 2:

I was able to find the answers in the OSI Model: An Overview:

1. Which layer would choose to send data over TCP or UDP? Answer: 4

2. Which layer checks received packets to make sure that they haven’t been corrupted? Answer: 2

3. In which layer would data be formatted in preparation for transmission? Answer: 2

4. Which layer transmits and receives data? Answer: 1

5. Which layer encrypts, compresses, or otherwise transforms the initial data to give it a standardized format? Answer: 6

6. Which layer tracks communications between the host and receiving computers? Answer: 5

7. Which layer accepts communication requests from applications? Answer: 7

8. Which layer handles logical addressing? Answer: 3

9. When sending data over TCP, what would you call the “bite-sized” pieces of data? Answer: segments

10. [Research] Which layer would the FTP protocol communicate with? Answer: 7

11. Which transport layer protocol would be best suited to transmit a live video? Answer: UDP

Task 3:

1. How would you refer to data at layer 2 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model)? Answer: Frames

2. How would you refer to data at layer 4 of the encapsulation process (with the OSI model), if the UDP protocol has been selected? Answer: Datagrams

3. What process would a computer perform on a received message? Answer: De-encapsulation

4. Which is the only layer of the OSI model to add a trailer during encapsulation? Answer: Data Link

5. Does encapsulation provide an extra layer of security (Aye/Nay)? Answer: Aye

Task 4:

1. Which model was introduced first, OSI or TCP/IP? Answer: TCP/IP

2. Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Transport layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Answer: Transport

3. Which layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of the Session layer of the OSI model (Full Name)? Answer: Application

4. The Network Interface layer of the TCP/IP model covers the functionality of two layers in the OSI model. These layers are Data Link, and?.. (Full Name)? Answer: Physical

5. Which layer of the TCP/IP model handles the functionality of the OSI network layer? Answer: Internet

6. What kind of protocol is TCP? Answer: Connection-based

7. What is SYN short for? Answer: Synchronise

8. What is the second step of the three way handshake? Answer: SYN/ACK

9. What is the short name for the “Acknowledgement” segment in the three-way handshake? Answer: ACK

Task 5:

1. What command would you use to ping the bbc.co.uk website? Answer: ping bbc.co.uk

2. Ping muirlandoracle.co.uk - What is the IPv4 address? Answer: 217.160.0.152

3. What switch lets you change the interval of sent ping requests? Answer: -i

4. What switch would allow you to restrict requests to IPv4? Answer: 4

5. What switch would give you a more verbose output? Answer: -v

Task 6:

1. Use traceroute on tryhackme.com - Can you see the path your request has taken? Answer: No answer needed

2. What switch would you use to specify an interface when using Traceroute? Answer: -i

3. What switch would you use if you wanted to use TCP SYN requests when tracing the route? Answer: -T

4. [Lateral Thinking] Which layer of the TCP/IP model will traceroute run on by default (Windows)? Answer: Internet

Task 7:

1. Perform a whois search on facebook.com Answer: No answer needed

2. What is the registrant postal code for facebook.com? Answer: 94025

3. When was the facebook.com domain first registered (Format: DD/MM/YYYY)? Answer: 29/03/1997

4. Perform a whois search on microsoft.com (Note: If you fail to read the above instruction and consequently get the wrong answer for the next question, don’t expect a helpful response if you report it as a bug…) Answer: No answer needed

5. Which city is the registrant based in? Answer: Redmond

6. [OSINT] What is the name of the golf course that is near the registrant address for microsoft.com? Answer: Bellevue Golf Course

7. What is the registered Tech Email for microsoft.com? Answer: msnhst@microsoft.com

Task 8:

1. What is DNS short for? Answer: Domain Name System

2. What is the first type of DNS server your computer would query when you search for a domain? Answer: Recursive

3. What type of DNS server contains records specific to domain extensions (i.e. .com, .co.uk, etc)? Use the long version of the name. Answer: Top-Level Domain

4. Where is the very first place your computer would look to find the IP address of a domain? Answer: local cache

5. [Research] Google runs two public DNS servers. One of them can be queried with the IP 8.8.8.8, what is the IP address of the other one? Answer: 8.8.4.4

6. If a DNS query has a TTL of 24 hours, what number would the dig query show? Answer: 86400

Task 9:

1. That’s us completed our whirlwind tour of networking basics. Hopefully you’ve found it informative! Answer: No answer needed

Done!